INTRODUCTION
Previously, we discuss about power generation, but the generated power is not suitable for distribution and utilization. So to overcome this problem some parameters are used. Such parameters belongs to the group of electronics. Electronics can made the power utilization based on the consumer requirements. Electronics subject deals with the atomic physics like conductors, semiconductors, insulators and their entire properties. This leads to the formation of devices going by the name of diodes, transistors, Integrated circuits, Thyristors and their families.
To know basics about atomic physics visit the following link
The basics of electronics depend conductors, insulators, semiconductors. To know the operation just we get into the world of three bands
1. Conduction band
2. Forbidden band
3. Valency band
The valency band is the lowest band, the electrons are said to be rest in this band when source is applied, due to potentials the total electrons jump from lower state to higher state it means travel to conduction band.
Conductors :
Conductors are having free electrons, you know that atom consists free electrons in their outermost shell, this free electrons works like carriers and carries energy from one place to another. Consider one conductor which has free electrons, when supply is given to it, it transfers electrons from one end to another. When the electrons are moving there is a yield of velocity between the electrons this is named as drift velocity.
In conductors the electrons rest in valency band when supply is given, it uproot from valency band to conduction band.
Example : Graphite, iron, water etc…
Insulators :
Insulators does not consists of free electrons because the substance which is made up of insulators has no valency electrons in their outermost shell , so the bond formation satisfies with the required electrons. Due to this reason the electrons are absent in conduction band and full in valency band.
Example : plastic, rubber, wood, glass, pure
water.
Semi conductors :
In atoms the outermost shell consist of valency electrons. The valency electrons transfers to another atom in this continous process some electrons in outermost shell get unstable i.e. the outermost shell of p orbital consists of 8 electrons hence only 4 electrons remained in the atom the another electrons are shared with another atom. The semi conductor consists of conductor nature and insulator nature.
When the supply is given to the semiconductor materials the electrons which remains in the outermost shell travels from valency band to conduction band and other electrons cadaver in the valency band.
Example : diode, transistor etc…
No comments:
Post a Comment