Input characteristics:
There are three factors which influence
the input characteristics of the transducer.
1.Type of input:
A transducer is based on input. There
are different types of transducers are available which measures the different
quantities. Pressure transducer measures pressure, Temperature transducer
measures temperature.
2.Operating range:
For every device there is a certain
operating range if it range exceeds the device gets damaged. The transducer
error and transducer limits are responsible for operating range.
3. Loading effects:
Loading effects mean a device draws some
amount if energy or power from the quantity to be measured to carry its
operation. This leads to inaccurate measurement. Hence transducer must be from
loading effect for accurate measurement.
Output
characteristics
1.Type
of electrical output:
Electrical output is one of the
important characteristic, for transducer the output is voltage, current and
impedance etc. A transducer output may be compatible by adding subsequent
stages a signal conditioning circuit is used which converts output into
different forms. So signal conditioning is selected based on output requirements.
2.Output
range:
Basically the output range if transducer
are very low hence these are not allowed to drive the system due to low signal
level and noise distortion. To overcome such problem transducer is inbuilt with
amplifier at output which strengthen the signal level.
3.
Output impedance:
The loading effect of transducer decreases
with decreasing the output impedance.
* A
transducer acts as a constant voltage source if its output impedance is lower
than input input impedance.
* A
transducer acts as a constant current source if its output is current and output impedance higher than input
impedance.
* When input
impedance is equal to output impedance maximum power transfer takes place.
Sensitivity
For any application, the performing device selection
is the important aspect. The factors that are taken into consideration for
selection if transducer are:
1.Principle
of operation:
The transducers are selected depending upon
operating principle used for transducer at the time of selection are
resistance, capacitance, inductance, piezoelectric, optoelectronic principle
etc.
2.Operating
range:
For every device there is a operating limit.
If the limit exceeds the instruments gets damaged, beyond that limit it gives
successful output. So every transducer provided with rating based on output
requirement different ranges are choosen.
3.Accuracy:
It is the important desirable
characteristic. If the transducer absence with frequent calibration it will
give high accuracy. The errors are occurred due to sensitivity.
4.Sensitivity:
It is also a desirable characteristic. Every
device should perform the sensitivity for the reasonable output. So transducer
has sensitivity to provide some output which is sufficient.
5.Stability
and reliability:
The stability and reliability are the most
important aspects. The transducer has high degree of stability and reliability
during its function and also storage period.
6.Transient
and frequency response:
The transducer should require time domain and
frequency domain specifications such as settling time, rising time, peak
overshoot and small dynamic error etc.
7.Loading
effects:
Loading effect decreases the performance
of transducer. So it should maintain minimum position loading effects occurs
when output impedance is high. To overcome this the transducer should have low
output impedance and high input impedance.
8.Electrical
parameters:
The parameters such as cable length and
noise ratio are taken into consideration, to avoid this transducers are
provided with amplifiers.
9.
Static characteristics:
The transducer should consists if low
hysteresis, high linearity, high resolution, environment compatibility etc.
10.
Usage and ruggedness:
Depending upon the application if
consumer usage the type of transducer us used for low power application, the
size and ratings of transducer are low. For high power applications, the size
and ratings are high.
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